Frequently Asked Questions About Zika Virus
If you're currently expecting a baby or plan on becoming pregnant soon, the Zika virus is probably on your mind. Here are answers to some common concerns about Zika, based on what we currently know about the disease. We will update this page as we learn more, so please check back.
什么是寨卡病毒?
Zika is a virus in the same family as yellow fever, 登革热, West Nile and Japanese encephalitis viruses. Zika virus mostly seems to attack cells in the nervous system.
寨卡病毒是如何传播的?
Zika is most commonly contracted from the bite of an 伊蚊 蚊子. It also can be transmitted sexually through vaginal, anal and possibly oral sex.
A pregnant woman also can pass the virus to her fetus in utero. There is a possibility that Zika can be transmitted from blood transfusions, but precautions have been taken to make sure the blood supply is safe.
There is no evidence at this time that Zika virus is passed through breast milk.
What are the symptoms of Zika virus?
Most people (80 percent) don't experience any symptoms from Zika virus. Those who do may experience one or more of the following:
- 发热
- 皮疹
- 关节疼痛
- Eye redness or inflammation
症状通常在接触病毒一周后开始,持续几天到一周. If you or your partner experience these symptoms after visiting an area with active Zika transmission, contact your health care provider right away.
What other problems can Zika virus cause?
Zika virus may cause birth defects if a fetus becomes infected. The virus can prevent normal brain development and may cause microcephaly, which is an abnormally small head size. 胎儿感染寨卡病毒还可能导致听力、视力、认知和发育障碍.
科学家们仍在调查寨卡病毒对胎儿可能产生的影响范围.
感染寨卡病毒的成年人可能会患上一种罕见的神经系统并发症——格林-巴罗综合征. 这是一种可能导致暂时瘫痪的情况,可能严重到需要在十大赌博平台排行榜延长呼吸支持时间. 大多数人都能康复,但肌肉功能的恢复可能需要几个月的时间.
Am I at risk for getting Zika virus?
如果你去当地有寨卡病毒传播的地区旅行,你可能有感染寨卡病毒的风险. 这意味着该地区的蚊子可能携带寨卡病毒,并能在叮咬人时将其传播给人类. 如果你与去过寨卡疫区的伴侣发生无保护措施的性行为,也可能会有风险.
已报告出现寨卡本地传播的地区名单正在定期更新. 它在中美洲和南美洲、加勒比地区以及非洲和东南亚的部分地区最为常见. 在美国, there were previous reports of local transmission in Miami and Brownsville, 德州. 检查 疾病预防控制中心网站 for the complete list of travel advisories.
Could there be local transmission of Zika virus in the San Francisco Bay Area?
目前尚不清楚寨卡病毒是否或何时会在加州发生本地传播. The Bay Area does have the two types of 伊蚊 蚊子es that can potentially carry the Zika virus, but there have been no reports of infections from local 蚊子es. 虽然有可能出现局部传播,但大范围暴发的可能性很小.
How can I prevent Zika virus?
目前还没有预防寨卡病毒的疫苗,也没有已知的治疗方法. The best way to prevent Zika virus is to avoid 蚊子 bites.
To prevent the possibility of sexual transmission, abstain from sexual activity. 使用乳胶避孕套,以减少从可能接触过病毒的伴侣处性传播的风险.
How can I prevent 蚊子 bites?
The 蚊子es that spread Zika virus bite both during the day and at night. When traveling or during 蚊子 season:
- 穿长裤和长袖.
- Stay in air-conditioned areas or use window screens.
- 应用蚊子 repellent that is regulated by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). epa调节的驱蚊剂在指导下使用是安全的,其有效性已被研究.
The active ingredients in most EPA-regulated repellents are: DEET; Picaridin; IR3535; or oil of lemon eucalyptus. 避蚊胺的百分比决定了驱蚊剂的持续时间,而不是其有效性. Always reapply 蚊子 repellent according to the directions on the package.
If I traveled, should I get tested for Zika?
If you have traveled to an area of Zika risk, you can be tested.
如果你接触寨卡病毒的时间不超过两周,一种名为RT-PCR的测试将检查你的血液和尿液中的病毒. If two to 12 weeks have passed since a possible exposure, we can perform a test to see if your body produced IgM antibodies to the virus.
目前还没有检测方法可以确定过去是否有超过12周的寨卡病毒接触, 或者一个人是否有豁免权.
如果我的伴侣去旅行呢?
如果伴侣出现寨卡症状,应咨询其初级保健提供者安排检测. 怀孕患者的伴侣或打算怀孕的夫妇应联系寨卡应对护士协调员,讨论检测方案.
My partner traveled but did not have symptoms. Do I need to take any precautions?
If your partner traveled to a Zika area and you are pregnant, it is recommended that you abstain from sex to avoid sexual transmission, 或者在怀孕期间使用乳胶避孕套,以减少性传播的风险.
I am not pregnant now but want to become pregnant. What precautions do I need to take?
如果你想怀孕,并且去过寨卡病毒传播活跃的地区, it is recommended that you wait eight weeks before trying to conceive, regardless of whether you had symptoms of Zika or not. If your partner traveled to a Zika area, the recommendation is to wait six months before trying to conceive. This is because the virus is known to live longer in semen, 接触过寨卡病毒的男性有可能在更长的时间内通过性行为传播病毒.
如果我有可能接触过寨卡病毒,我的产前护理会有什么不同?
To assess your risk for Zika virus, 在每次加州大学旧金山分校产前检查时,你或你的伴侣是否旅行过. 如果你有资格参加测试, 我们将安排一位专门从事寨卡病毒管理的执业护士进行远程医疗(视频)访问,安排检测并回答您的所有问题. 抗体测试结果为阴性意味着你可以继续进行常规的产前护理, and no further follow-up related to Zika is necessary.
If you may have been exposed to Zika virus, but it has been more than 12 weeks since you or your partner returned from travel, 我们可以在妊娠20周后定期进行超声检查以评估胎儿的生长情况. If you test positive for Zika, 或者胎儿表现出可能与寨卡病毒接触有关的异常迹象, 高危人群之一, maternal-fetal medicine doctors will follow your care.
如果我的寨卡病毒检测呈阳性,我的胎儿被感染的几率有多大,我什么时候能知道?
关于为什么有些胎儿会感染寨卡病毒,而有些胎儿不会,我们还有很多不知道的地方. 最近的研究表明,如果孕妇在妊娠早期被感染,胎儿的感染率可能在1%到13%之间. 研究人员目前认为,胎儿在妊娠中期和晚期感染的可能性较小, but more research is needed before this can be determined.
胎儿出现寨卡病毒相关异常的具体胎龄没有规定. 有时感染的迹象直到妊娠中期或晚期才出现. 并非所有与寨卡病毒相关的胎儿异常都能通过超声波检查检测出来.
What if I have more questions?
If you are a patient with UCSF 产科, 请致电415-353-2566与寨卡病毒应对护士协调员安排远程医疗访问. 你也可以参观 CDC母婴网站 打电话给, 聊天, 给专家发短信或发电子邮件,了解有关寨卡病毒和母婴传播风险的更多信息.
加州大学旧金山分校健康 medical specialists have reviewed this information. 它仅用于教育目的,并不打算取代您的十大赌博平台排行榜或其他医疗保健提供者的建议. 我们鼓励您与您的供应商讨论您可能遇到的任何问题或疑虑.