膀胱镜检查

定义

膀胱镜检查 is a surgical procedure. This is done to see the inside of the bladder and urethra using a thin, lighted tube.

选择的名字

Cystourethroscopy; Endoscopy of the bladder

如何执行测试

膀胱镜检查 is done with a cystoscope. This is a special tube with a small camera on the end (endoscope). There are two types of cystoscopes:

• 标准硬性膀胱镜
• 灵活的膀胱镜

The tube can be inserted in different ways. However, the test is the same. The type of cystoscope your health care provider will use depends on the purpose of the exam.

The procedure will take about 5 to 20 minutes. 尿道清洁. A numbing medicine is applied to the skin lining the inside of the urethra. This is done without needles. The scope is then inserted through the urethra into the bladder.

Water or salt water (saline) flows through the tube to fill the bladder. As this occurs, you may be asked to describe the feeling. Your answer will give some information about your condition.

As fluid fills the bladder, it stretches the bladder wall. This lets your provider see the entire bladder wall. You will feel the need to urinate when the bladder is full. However, the bladder must stay full until the exam is finished.

If any tissue looks abnormal, a small sample can be taken (活组织检查)通过管子. This sample will be sent to a lab to be tested.

How to Prepare for the Test

Ask your provider if you should stop taking any medicines that could thin your blood.

The procedure may be done under anesthesia in a hospital or surgery center. In that case, you will need to have someone take you home afterward.

考试的感觉如何

You may feel slight discomfort when the tube is passed through the urethra into the bladder. You will feel an uncomfortable, strong need to urinate when your bladder is full.

You may feel a quick pinch if a 活组织检查 is taken. After the tube is removed, the urethra may be sore. You may have blood in the urine and a burning sensation during urination for a day or two.

为什么要进行测试

测试的目的是:

• 检查 癌症 膀胱的膀胱或尿道的
• Diagnose the cause of blood in the urine
• Diagnose the cause of problems passing urine
• Diagnose the cause of repeated bladder infections
• Help determine the cause of 排尿疼痛

正常的结果

The bladder wall should look smooth. The bladder should be of normal size, shape, and position. There should be no blockages, growths, or stones.

异常结果意味着什么

The abnormal results could indicate:

• 膀胱癌
• 膀胱结石 (结石)
• 膀胱壁减压术
• 慢性 尿道炎 或膀胱炎
• Scarring of the urethra (called a stricture)
• Congenital (present at birth) abnormality
• 囊肿
• 憩室 膀胱的膀胱或尿道的
• Foreign material in the bladder or urethra

Some other possible diagnoses may be:

• 膀胱过敏
• 息肉
• Prostate problems, such as bleeding, 扩大，或堵塞
• Traumatic injury of the bladder and urethra
• 溃疡
• 尿道狭窄

风险

There is a slight risk for excess bleeding when a 活组织检查 is taken.

其他风险包括:

• 膀胱感染
• Rupture of the bladder wall

注意事项

Drink 4 to 6 glasses of water per day after the procedure.

You may notice a small amount of blood in your urine after this procedure. If the bleeding continues after you urinate 3 times, contact your provider.

Contact your provider if you develop any of these signs of infection:

• 发冷
• 发热
• 疼痛
• 尿量减少

参考文献

值班BD，我是科林·MJ. Principles of urologic endoscopy. In: Partin AW, Dmochowski RR, Kavoussi LR, Peters CA, eds. Campbell-Walsh-Wein Urology. 12日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021:chap 13.

National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases website. 膀胱镜检查 & 输尿管镜. www.的趋势.国家卫生研究院.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/cystoscopy-输尿管镜. 2021年7月更新. 于2022年8月23日发布.

Taylor JM, Smith TG, Coburn M. 泌尿道的手术. In: Townsend CM Jr, Beauchamp RD, Evers BM, Mattox KL, eds. Sabiston Textbook of Surgery. 21艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2022:chap 74.