超声心动图

定义

An echocardiogram is a test that uses sound waves to create pictures of the heart. The picture and information it produces is more detailed than a standard x射线 图像. 超声心动图不会让你暴露在辐射中.

选择的名字

Transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE); 超声心动图 - transthoracic; Doppler ultrasound of the heart; Surface echo

如何执行测试

经胸超声心动图(tte)

TTE is the type of echocardiogram that most people will have.

• A specially trained technician called a sonographer performs the test. A heart doctor (cardiologist) interprets the results.
• An instrument called a transducer is placed on various locations on your chest and upper abdomen and directed toward the heart. 这个装置释放高频声波.
• The transducer picks up the echoes of sound waves and transmits them as electrical impulses. The echocardiography machine converts these impulses into moving pictures of the heart. 还拍摄了静态照片.
• 图像可以是二维的也可以是三维的. The type of 图像 will depend on the part of the heart being evaluated and the type of machine.
• A Doppler echocardiogram evaluates the motion of blood through the heart.

An echocardiogram shows the heart while it is beating. It also shows the heart valves and other structures.

在某些情况下, 你的肺, 肋骨, 空气, or body tissue may prevent the sound waves and echoes from providing a clear picture of heart function. 如果这是个问题, the health care provider may inject a small amount of liquid (contrast) through an IV to better see the inside of the heart.

Rarely, more invasive testing using special echocardiography probes may be needed.

经食管超声心动图

对于TEE, the back of your throat is numbed and a long flexible but firm tube (called a "probe") which has a small ultrasound transducer at the end is inserted down your throat.

A heart doctor with special training will guide the scope down the esophagus and into the stomach. This method is used to get clearer echocardiographic 图像s of your heart. The doctor may use this test to look for signs of infection (endocarditis) blood clots (thrombi), 或其他异常结构或连接.

如何准备考试

在TTE测试前不需要特别的步骤. 如果你有一个TEE, you will not be able to eat or drink for several hours before the test.

考试的感觉如何

测试过程中:

• You will need to take off your clothes from the waist up and lie on an exam table on your back.
• Electrodes will be placed on your chest to monitor your heart beat.
• A small amount of gel is spread on your chest and the transducer will be moved over your skin. You will feel a slight pressure on your chest from the transducer.
• You may be asked to breathe in a certain way or to roll over onto your left side. Sometimes, a special bed is used to help you stay in the proper position.
• 如果你有一个TEE, you will receive some sedating (relaxing) medicines prior to having the probe inserted and a numbing fluid may be sprayed in the back of your throat.

为什么要进行测试

This test is done to evaluate the valves and chambers of your heart and the sac around your heart (pericardium) from the outside of your body. 超声心动图可以帮助检测:

• 心脏瓣膜异常
• 先天性心脏病 (出生时就有异常)
• 心脏病发作对心肌造成的损伤
• 心脏杂音
• 炎症(心包炎) or fluid in the sac around the heart (pericardial effusion)
• Infection on or around the heart valves (infectious endocarditis)
• 肺动脉高压
• 心脏跳动的能力(对于患有心脏病的人) 心脏衰竭)
• 血凝块的来源 中风 or 蒂雅

您的提供者可能会建议TEE，如果:

• 来自TTE的图像不清楚. Unclear results may be due to the shape of your chest, lung disease, or excess body fat.
• An area of the heart needs to be looked at in more detail.

正常的结果

A normal echocardiogram reveals normal heart valves and chambers and normal heart wall movement.

异常结果意味着什么

超声心动图异常可能意味着很多事情. Some abnormalities are very minor and do not pose major risks. Other abnormalities are signs of serious heart disease. You will need more tests by a specialist in this case. It is very important to talk about the results of your echocardiogram with your provider.

风险

There are no known risks from an external TTE test.

TEE是一种侵入性手术. 这个测试有一些风险. 这些可能包括:

• 对镇静药物的反应.
• 食道损伤. This is more common if you already have a problem with your esophagus.

Talk with your provider about the risks associated with this test.

注意事项

异常结果可能表明:

• 心脏瓣膜病
• 心肌病
• 心包积液
• 其他心脏异常

This test is used to evaluate and monitor many different heart conditions.

参考文献

奥托厘米. 超声心动图. 参见:Goldman L, Schafer AI主编. Goldman-Cecil医学. 26日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 49.

吴建军，吉兰L，所罗门SD，布尔沃B. 超声心动图. In: Libby P, Bonow RO, Mann DL, Tomaselli GF, Bhatt DL, Solomon SD, eds. Braunwald's Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine. 12日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2022:chap 16.