Extremity angiography

Definition

四肢血管造影是一种检查手、臂、脚或腿动脉的方法. It is also called peripheral angiography.

Angiography uses x-rays 用一种特殊的染料来观察动脉的内部. 动脉是将血液从心脏输送出去的血管.

Alternative Names

Angiography of the extremity; Peripheral angiography; Lower extremity angiogram; Peripheral angiogram; Arteriography of the extremity; PAD - angiography; Peripheral artery disease - angiography

How the Test is Performed

该测试在十大赌博平台排行榜或专门的程序单位进行. You will lie on an x-ray table. 你可能需要一些药来帮助你入睡和放松(镇静剂)。.

• 在检查过程中，你的血压、心率和呼吸都会被检查.
• 医疗保健提供者会剃除和清洁一个区域，通常是在腹股沟.
• 一种麻药(麻醉剂)被注射到动脉上方的皮肤上.
• A needle is placed into that artery.
• 一根被称为导管的细塑料管穿过针头进入动脉. 十大赌博平台排行榜把它移到被研究的身体部位. 十大赌博平台排行榜可以在类似电视的显示器上看到该区域的实时图像，并将其作为指导.
• 染料通过导管流入动脉.
• X-ray images of the arteries are taken.

在这个过程中可以进行某些治疗. These treatments include:

• Dissolving a blood clot with medicine
• 用气球打开部分阻塞的动脉
• 在动脉内放置一根叫做支架的小管子来帮助保持动脉畅通

x光检查或治疗结束后，将导管取出. 按压穿刺部位20至45分钟以止血. 在此之后，检查该区域并使用紧密的绷带. 放置针头的手臂或腿通常在手术后保持直6小时. 你应该在24到48小时内避免剧烈运动，比如举重.

How to Prepare for the Test

在考试前的6到8小时内，你不应该吃或喝任何东西.

你可能会被告知停止服用某些药物, 比如在测试前一小段时间服用阿司匹林或其他血液稀释剂. 不要停止服用任何药物，除非十大赌博平台排行榜告诉你这样做.

确保你的十大赌博平台排行榜知道你服用的所有药物, 包括那些你在没有处方的情况下买的. This includes herbs and supplements.

Tell your provider if you:

• Are pregnant
• Are allergic to any medicines
• Have ever had an allergic reaction x射线造影剂、贝类或碘类物质
• Have ever had any bleeding problems

How the Test will Feel

The x-ray table is hard and cold. 你可能想要一条毯子或一个枕头. 注射麻药时，你可能会感到刺痛. 当导管移动时，您可能也会感到一些压力.

这种染料会给人一种温暖和脸红的感觉. 这是正常的，通常会在几秒钟内消失.

测试后，导管插入处可能会有压痛和瘀伤. Seek immediate medical help if you have:

• Swelling
• Bleeding that doesn't go away
• Severe pain in an arm or leg

Why the Test is Performed

如果你有a的症状，你可能需要这个测试 narrowed or blocked blood vessel in the arms, hands, legs, or feet.

The test may also be done to diagnose:

• Bleeding
• 血管肿胀或发炎(血管炎)

Normal Results

x光片显示你这个年龄的身体结构正常.

What Abnormal Results Mean

不正常的结果通常是由于手臂或腿部的动脉因斑块积聚而变窄和硬化(hardening of the arteries) in the artery walls.

x光片可显示血管阻塞，原因如下:

• Aneurysms (部分动脉异常扩张或膨胀)
• Blood clots
• Other diseases of the arteries

Abnormal results may also be due to:

• Inflammation of the blood vessels
• Injury to the blood vessels
• Thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger disease)
• Takayasu disease

Risks

Complications may include:

• Allergic reaction to the contrast dye
• 针和导管插入时对血管的损伤
• 导管插入处出血过多或出现血块, which can reduce blood flow to the leg
• Heart attack or stroke
• 血肿，针孔处的血块
• 针刺部位的神经受到损伤
• Kidney damage from the dye
• Injury to the blood vessels being tested
• Limb loss from problems with the procedure

There is low-level radiation exposure. 然而，大多数专家认为，与益处相比，大多数x光检查的风险是低的. 孕妇和儿童对x光检查的风险更敏感.

References

American Heart Association website. Peripheral angiography. www.heart.org/en/health-topics/peripheral-artery-disease/diagnosing-pad/peripheral-angiogram. Updated June 2, 2021. Accessed February 2, 2023.

Harisinghani MG, Chen JW, Weissleder R. Vascular imaging. [1]陈建伟，陈建伟，魏斯莱德，等. Primer of Diagnostic Imaging. 6th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019:chap 8.

Mcquinn CW, Orion KC. Endovascular diagnostic technique. In: Sidawy AN, Perler BA, eds. 卢瑟福血管外科和血管内治疗. 10th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2023:chap 62.

Reekers JA. 血管造影术:原理、技术和并发症. 见:Adam A, Dixon AK, Gillard JH, Schaefer-Prokop CM，编. Grainger & Allison's Diagnostic Radiology. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Limited; 2021:chap 78.