乙状结肠镜检查

定义

乙状结肠镜检查 is a procedure used to see inside the sigmoid colon and 直肠. The sigmoid colon is the area of the large intestine nearest to the 直肠.

选择的名字

Flexible sigmoidoscopy; 乙状结肠镜检查 - flexible; Proctoscopy; Proctosigmoidoscopy; Rigid sigmoidoscopy; Colon cancer sigmoidoscopy; Colorectal sigmoidoscopy; Rectal sigmoidoscopy; Gastrointestinal bleeding - sigmoidoscopy; Rectal bleeding - sigmoidoscopy; Melena - sigmoidoscopy; Blood in stool - sigmoidoscopy; Polyps - sigmoidoscopy

如何执行测试

测试过程中:

• You lie on your left side with your knees drawn up to your chest.
• The doctor gently places a gloved and lubricated finger into your 直肠 to check for blockage and gently enlarge (dilate) the anus. 这叫做 直肠指诊.
• Next, the sigmoidoscope is placed through the anus. The scope is a flexible tube with a camera at its end. The scope is gently moved into your colon. Air is inserted into the colon to enlarge the area and help the doctor view the area better. The air may cause the urge to have a bowel movement or pass gas. Suction may be used to remove fluid or stool.
• 经常, the images are seen in high definition on a video monitor.
• The doctor may take tissue samples with a tiny 活组织检查 tool or a thin metal snare inserted through the scope. Heat (electrocautery) may be used to remove 息肉 if your colon has been properly prepared for this. Photos of the inside of your colon may be taken.

乙状结肠镜检查 using a rigid scope may be done to treat problems of the anus or 直肠.

如何准备考试

Your health care provider will tell you how to prepare for the exam. You will use an enema to empty your bowels. This is usually done 1 hour before the sigmoidoscopy. 经常, a second enema may be recommended or your provider may recommend a liquid laxative the night before.

On the morning of the procedure, you may be asked to fast with the exception of certain medicines. Be sure to discuss this with your provider well in advance. 有时, you are asked to follow a clear liquid diet the day before, 有时允许有规律的饮食. Again, discuss this with your provider well in advance of your test date.

考试的感觉如何

在考试中，你可能会感觉到:

• Pressure during the 直肠指诊 or when the scope is placed in your 直肠.
• 排便需要排便.
• Some bloating or cramping caused by the air or by stretching of the bowel by the sigmoidoscope.

After the test, your body will pass the air that was put into your colon.

Children may be given medicine to make them sleep lightly (sedated) for this procedure.

为什么要进行测试

Your provider may recommend this test to look for the cause of:

• 腹部疼痛
• 腹泻, constipation, or other changes in bowel habits
• 大便中有血、粘液或脓
• 无法解释的体重减轻

此测试还可用于:

• Confirm findings of another test or x-rays
• 屏幕 结肠直肠癌 或息肉
• 对肿瘤进行活检

All adults should have a colon cancer screening test starting at age 45. For people with an average risk for colon cancer, flexible sigmoidoscopy every 5 years or every 10 years plus stool testing with FIT done every year is one 筛选选项.

正常的结果

A normal test result will show no problems with the color, 纹理, and size of the lining of the sigmoid colon, 直肠粘膜, 直肠, 和肛门.

异常结果意味着什么

异常结果表明:

• 肛门裂缝 (small split or tear in the thin, moist tissue lining the anus)
• 肛门直肠的脓肿 (collection of pus in the area of the anus and 直肠)
• 大肠阻塞(巨结肠疾病)
• 癌症
• 结直肠息肉
• Diverticulosis (abnormal pouches on the lining of the intestines)
• 痔疮
• 炎症性肠病
• 发炎或感染(直肠炎 和结肠炎)

风险

There is a slight risk of bowel perforation (tearing a hole) and bleeding at the 活组织检查 sites. 总体风险非常小.

参考文献

Pasricha PJ. 胃肠内镜. 参见:Goldman L, Schafer AI主编. Goldman-Cecil医学. 26日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 125.

Rex DK, Boland CR, Dominitz JA，等. 结直肠癌筛查: recommendations for physicians and patients from the U.S. Multi-Society Task Force on Colorectal 癌症. 我是胃肠醇吗. 2017;112(7):1016-1030. PMID: 28555630 www.pubmed.ncbi.nlm.国家卫生研究院.gov / 28555630 /.

Sugumar A, Vargo JJ. Preparation for and complications of gastrointestinal endoscopy. In: Feldman M, Friedman LS, Brandt LJ, eds. Sleisenger and Fordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease. 11日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021:chap 42.

US Preventive Services Task Force website. 最终建议声明. 结直肠癌筛查. www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/colorectal-cancer-screening. 2021年5月18日发布. 于2022年11月25日生效.