睾丸活检

定义

睾丸活检 is surgery to remove a piece of tissue from the 睾丸. The tissue is examined under a microscope.

选择的名字

活检-睾丸

如何执行测试

The biopsy can be done in a few ways. The type of biopsy you have depends on the reason for the test. Your health care provider will talk to you about your options.

Open biopsy may be done in the provider's office, a surgical center, or at a hospital. The skin over the testicle is cleaned with a germ-killing (antiseptic) medicine. The area around it is covered with a sterile towel. A local anesthetic is given to numb the area.

A small surgical cut is made through the skin. A small piece of the testicle tissue is removed. The opening in the testicle is closed with a stich. Another stitch closes the cut in the skin. The procedure is repeated for the other testicle if necessary.

Needle biopsy is most often done in the provider's office. The area is cleaned and local anesthesia is used, just as in the open biopsy. A sample of the testicle is taken using a special needle. The procedure does not require a cut in the skin.

Depending on the reason for the test, a needle biopsy may not be possible or recommended.

如何准备考试

Your provider may tell you not to take aspirin or medicines that contain aspirin for 1 week before the procedure. Always ask your provider before stopping any medicines.

考试的感觉如何

There will be a sting when the anesthetic is given. You should only feel pressure or discomfort similar to a pinprick during the biopsy.

为什么要进行测试

The test is most often done to find the cause of male 不孕不育. 当 精液分析 suggests that there is abnormal sperm and other tests have not found the cause. 在某些情况下, sperm obtained from a testicular biopsy can be used to fertilize a woman's egg in the lab. This process is called in vitro fertilization.

正常的结果

Sperm development appears normal. No cancerous cells are found.

异常结果意味着什么

Abnormal results may mean a problem with sperm or hormone function. Biopsy may be able to find the cause of the problem.

在某些情况下, the sperm development appears normal in the testicle, but 精液分析 shows no sperm or reduced sperm. This may indicate a blockage of the tube through which the sperm travel from the testes to the urethra. This blockage can sometimes be repaired with surgery.

Other causes of abnormal results:

• A cyst-like lump filled with fluid and dead sperm cells (spermatocele)
• 睾丸炎

Your provider will explain and discuss all abnormal results with you.

风险

There is a slight risk for bleeding or infection. The area may be sore for 2 to 3 days after the biopsy. The scrotum may swell or become discolored. This should clear up within a few days.

注意事项

Your provider may suggest that you wear an athletic supporter for several days after the biopsy. In most cases, you will need to avoid sexual activity for 1 to 2 weeks.

Using a cold pack on and off for the first 24 hours may lessen the swelling and discomfort.

Keep the area dry for several days after the procedure.

Continue to avoid using aspirin or medicines that contain aspirin for 1 week after the procedure.

参考文献

Chiles KA, Schlegel PN. 精子检索. In: Smith JA Jr, Howards SS, Preminger GM, Dmochowski RR, eds. Hinman's Atlas of Urologic Surgery. 第四版. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019:chap 107.

加里波第LR，化学W. Disorders of pubertal development. 在:Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 21艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 578.

Niederberger CS, Ohlander SJ, Pagani RL. 男性不育. In: Partin AW, Dmochowski RR, Kavoussi LR, Peters CA, eds. Campbell-Walsh-Wein泌尿外科. 12日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021:chap 66.