白细胞计数

定义

A 白细胞计数 is a blood test to measure the number of white blood cells (WBCs) in the blood. It is a part of a complete blood count (CBC).

WBCs are also called leukocytes. 它们有助于抵抗感染. 有 five major types of white blood cells:

• 嗜碱粒细胞
• 嗜酸性粒细胞
• Lymphocytes (T cells, B cells, and Natural Killer cells)
• 单核细胞
• 中性粒细胞

选择的名字

Leukocyte count; White blood cell count; White blood cell differential; WBC differential; Infection - 白细胞计数; Cancer - 白细胞计数

如何执行测试

A 血液样本 是必要的.

如何准备考试

Most of the time, you do not need to take special steps before this test. Tell your health care provider the medicines you are taking, including the ones without a prescription. Some drugs may change the test results.

考试的感觉如何

When the needle is inserted to draw blood, some people feel moderate pain. Others feel only a prick or stinging. 后ward, there may be some throbbing or slight bruising. 这很快就会消失.

为什么要进行测试

You will have this test to find out how many WBCs you have. Your provider may order this test to help diagnose conditions such as:

• 感染
• 过敏反应
• 炎症
• Blood cancer such as leukemia or lymphoma

正常的结果

The normal number of WBCs in the blood is 4,500 to 11,000 WBCs per microliter (4.5 to 11.0 × 10⁹/L).

Normal value ranges may vary slightly among different labs. Some labs use different measurements or may test different specimens. Talk to your provider about your test results.

异常结果意味着什么

白细胞计数低

A low number of WBCs is called leukopenia. A count less than 4,500 cells per microliter (4.5 × 10⁹/L)低于正常.

中性粒细胞 are one type of WBC. They are important for fighting infections.

A lower than normal 白细胞计数 may be due to:

• Bone marrow deficiency or failure (for example, due to infection, tumor, or abnormal scarring)
• Cancer treating drugs, or other medicines (see list below)
• Certain autoimmune disorders such as lupus (系统性红斑狼疮)
• Disease of the liver or spleen
• Radiation treatment for cancer
• Certain viral illnesses, such as 单核细胞增多症(单色)
• Cancers that damage the bone marrow
• Very severe bacterial infections
• Severe emotional or physical stress (such as from an injury or surgery)
• An ethnic/genetic trait (not uncommon in African Americans)

白细胞计数高

A higher than normal 白细胞计数 is called leukocytosis. 这可能是因为:

• Certain drugs or medicines (see list below)
• 吸烟
• 后 脾切除手术
• Infections, most often those caused by bacteria
• Inflammatory disease (such as rheumatoid arthritis or allergy)
• 白血病 or 霍奇金病
• Tissue damage (for example, burns)
• 怀孕

There may also be less common reasons for abnormal 白细胞计数s.

Drugs that may lower your 白细胞计数 include:

• 抗生素
• 抗惊厥药物
• 抗甲状腺药物
• 偏方
• 卡托普利
• 化疗药物
• 氯丙嗪
• 氯氮平
• 利尿剂(水丸)
• Histamine-2阻滞剂
• 磺胺类药
• 奎尼丁
• Terbinafine
• Ticlopidine

Drugs that may increase 白细胞计数s include:

• Beta adrenergic agonists (for example, albuterol)
• 糖皮质激素
• 肾上腺素
• Granulocyte colony stimulating factor
• 肝素钠
• 锂

风险

There is little risk involved with having your blood taken. Veins and arteries vary in size from one person to another, and from one side of the body to the other. Obtaining a 血液样本 from some people may be more difficult than from others.

Other risks associated with having blood drawn are slight, but may include:

• 大出血
• Fainting or feeling lightheaded
• Multiple punctures to locate veins
• Hematoma (blood accumulating under the skin)
• Infection (a slight risk any time the skin is broken)

参考文献

马科利斯·安，亨施·L. Resources for the hematologist: interpretive comments and selected reference values for neonatal, 儿科, 成年人群. In: Hoffman R, Benz EJ, Silberstein LE, et al, eds. Hematology: Basic Principles and Practice. 8日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2023:chap 159.

Vajpayee N, Graham SS, Bem S. Basic examination of blood and bone marrow. In: McPherson RA, Pincus MR, eds. Henry's Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods. 24日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2022:chap 31.