乳腺癌预防小贴士

While lifestyle factors aren't the only predictors of who gets breast cancer, they play a part. 以下方法有助降低风险:

保持健康的体重

超重患者, 尤其是绝经后, 患乳腺癌的风险增加. Researchers believe this is because fat tissue can produce estrogen (and estrogen exposure is linked to breast cancer).

限制或避免饮酒

任何数量的酒精都会增加患乳腺癌的风险. Research shows that greater alcohol consumption is linked to higher breast cancer risk.

不喝酒是最理想的，但如果你决定喝酒:

限制自己每周不超过三到五份.
Make sure you're getting at least 400 micrograms of folate a day through diet, 补充剂(叶酸是补充剂形式)或两者兼而有之. 摄入足够的叶酸似乎可以降低增加的风险从酒精.

保持活跃

我们建议:

Getting a weekly total of 150 to 300 minutes of moderately intense activity (exercise that you can do while holding a conversation), 或者75到150分钟的剧烈运动, 或者两者的结合
Strength training and stretching to improve balance and flexibility about twice a week
限制久坐不动的活动，比如看电视

健康饮食

We recommend a plant-based diet rich in whole grains, vegetables, fruits and beans. Incorporate brightly colored or strongly flavored vegetables and fruits into your diet. Limit red and processed meats, sugary drinks and sodas, and processed foods high in fat and starch.

对于新妈妈，可以考虑母乳喂养

Studies show that breastfeeding for at least one year is associated with a decreased risk of breast cancer. However, the decision on whether to breastfeed your baby is a personal one. The knowledge that breastfeeding may slightly reduce breast cancer risk is just one of the many factors to weigh.

避免吸烟

Although the association between smoking and breast cancer risk isn't clearly established, smoking is strongly discouraged because it clearly raises heart disease and lung cancer risks.

管理压力

Although there's no proven link between stress and elevated breast cancer risk, 减轻压力水平可能有益于整体健康. 有用的做法包括:

深呼吸和冥想
定期锻炼，包括伸展运动
从新闻报道和社交媒体中休息一下
向心理学家寻求帮助, social worker or professional counselor if you face ongoing high levels of stress

针对乳腺癌高危患者

如果你面临患乳腺癌的高风险, 你可以采取一些额外的措施来降低风险. 考虑以下几点:

增强的筛选

乳腺癌筛查并不能阻止乳腺癌的发展, 但它可以帮助更早地发现它, 当它更容易治疗的时候. Ask your gynecologist or primary care doctor about a tailored screening program. 这可能包括额外的或不同类型的成像测试.

Note: UCSF is currently leading a study of personalized breast cancer screening, called the 妇女告知筛查取决于风险措施(WISDOM)试验. To learn more about your personal risk and tailored screening, you may wish to participate.

它莫西芬

它莫西芬, an antiestrogen medication, has been used for decades to treat breast cancer. A large study called the 乳腺癌 Prevention Trial found that in healthy women without breast cancer, five years of tamoxifen use reduced the risk of developing it by approximately 50%.

要决定服用他莫昔芬是否适合你，请咨询你的十大赌博平台排行榜.

预防性乳房切除术

Some patients with a very high risk of developing breast cancer may choose to have one or both breasts surgically removed. 这些患者包括:

BRCA1或BRCA2基因突变
有乳腺癌病史
有几个近亲得了乳腺癌
A biopsy showing lobular carcinoma in situ (a condition that may precede the development of invasive cancer)

Even a highly skilled surgeon can't remove all breast tissue from the chest, 然而, so a small percentage of patients who have preventive mastectomies still end up developing breast cancer. 做这个手术的决定是经过深思熟虑的. 病人 who consider this preventive strategy should talk with several doctors beforehand, and weigh the medical and emotional consequences of the surgery against the benefits.

一些患者也可能是预防性卵巢切除术的候选者, 或者切除卵巢, 降低患乳腺癌的风险.

If you're interested in a formal assessment of your breast cancer risk, please contact our 乳房护理中心询问新病人的来访情况.

加州大学旧金山分校健康医学专家已经审查了这些信息. It is for educational purposes only and is not intended to replace the advice of your doctor or other health care provider. We encourage you to discuss any questions or concerns you may have with your provider.